Dogma

Dogma is a boss added in The Binding of Isaac: Repentance and is the first boss of.

Phase 1
In its first phase, Dogma is attached to a television. Damage can only be dealt to Dogma by damaging the television in the center of the room. Any attacks towards Dogma itself causes a shield to briefly appear and block the attack. Dogma moves slowly towards Isaac leaving a trail of damaging Static Creep and has a variety of attacks:
 * Fires three consecutive radial bursts of 8 projectiles. If Isaac stands within the projectiles' auras for long enough, a  beam hits Isaac from above.
 * Fires four consecutive bursts of projectiles in groups of 1, 2, 3, and, 4 in each of the cardinal directions, with the overall pattern resembling a star.
 * Occasionally after firing the 4th burst, Dogma greatly slows down all the projectiles mid-flight, leaving them to float around slowly for a moment before vanishing.
 * Dogma starts using this variant after losing around 60% of its HP, and performs it more frequently the lower its HP is.
 * Fires 3 consecutive waves of 3 to 4 projectiles each in random directions. When these projectiles land, they create thin, harmless rays that point towards Isaac and become damaging lasers after a few seconds.
 * Fires a static beam that bends towards Isaac. This beam is always fired in the closest cardinal direction to Isaac and switches if Isaac moves closer to a different cardinal direction.

Phase 2
After destroying the television, Dogma falls apart into a puddle of static, before rising out of it as an orb and growing two pairs of wings resembling a Seraph. During this phase, Dogma continues to chase Isaac between attacks but becomes vulnerable and has completely different attacks:
 * Fires a spread of disorganized feather projectiles towards Isaac.
 * Summons a ball of light overhead which creates 16 to 18 harmless rays of light that point outwards and spin around the ball in random directions. After a few seconds, the rays stop moving and become damaging thin beams similar to the ones used by the Angels. This pattern is repeated three times, then Dogma throws it, firing one last wave of 8 wider beams in the cardinal and diagonal directions before dissipating.
 * If the thrown ball of beams is slowed (by for instance), the 8 beams fire before being properly aligned.
 * Turns into a winged wheel resembling an Ophanim and floats off-screen before charging back towards Isaac, continuing off-screen releasing a radial burst with three layers of feather projectiles with 12 feathers each near the end of the dash. It repeats this attack a total of 6 times.

As Dogma takes more and more damage during this phase, its Seraph form will occasionally flicker into various other forms, these include Isaac's head, a lamb's skull with a serpent in its eye, a fly, and a troll face with horns. This is a purely visual effect.

When Dogma's HP reaches zero for the second time, it is destroyed as the whole screen fades to white before turning off like an old TV. Then Isaac is automatically given as the cutscene that introduces The Beast is played.

Audio
Audio for the cutscene preceding Dogma's fight.

Dogma shrieking upon emerging from the television.

The reading of Psalm 23: 1-6 that can be heard over the course of Dogma's first phase.

The sound of Dogma's laser.

One of the sounds that Dogma emits while firing tears.

The sound of Dogma's television breaking.

Dogma transitioning into its second phase.

Dogma preparing to fire light beams.

Dogma spraying a barrage of feathers.

Dogma transforming and preparing to perform the spin attack.

The noise Dogma makes upon defeat.

Audio that plays after defeating Dogma.

Damage Scaling
Damage scaling is an unclear mechanic introduced by Nicalis in The Binding of Isaac: Afterbirth to provide a more challenging experience to the players, enabling some enemies to retaliate against high damage attacks by deploying an "armor" of a sort to greatly reduce the amount of damage taken. Further details and an in-depth explanation may be found here.

Trivia

 * A "dogma" is most commonly defined as "A set of rules, beliefs, or opinions laid down by a group, the members of which unquestionably follow".
 * Dogma's portrayal as a being made of static tied to a television heavily implies that it represents the "Christian broadcasts" that Isaac's mother watches. This is further evidenced by the level transition that plays, showing Isaac watching the broadcasts with his mother.
 * Dogma could be interpreted as the Second Beast: The Beast from the Earth. A popular interpretation of this beast is the "False Prophet".
 * Dogma's theme is called "Living in the Light", and is taken directly from one of the many Bible quotes heard during the fight's second phase.
 * The vocals in "Living in the Light" are performed by Matthias Bossi and Jon Evans.
 * The OST version of "Living in the Light" plays unique vocals before playing the vocals from the in-game version.
 * The composition of the "Living in the Light" is very similar to Matricide, and shares motifs with tracks Genesis 22:10 and Crusade.
 * The vocals from "Living in the Light" can also be heard in the cutscene that plays prior to fighting The Beast.
 * During Dogma's first phase, a quiet recording of Psalm 23:1-6 can be heard. At the beginning of most of Dogma's attacks, this recording is temporarily made much louder.
 * Dogma is one of the two bosses that have a unique health bar, the other one being Great Gideon.
 * Dogma is the only boss to have a unique level transition and a unique Versus screen sound.
 * Most of Dogma's sprites appear blue in the files. This is because the blue is used to indicate areas that the game should apply the static effect to. This was likely done to avoid making all the sprite files animated, instead simply letting the game apply the effect to designated areas when the time comes to use them.
 * If the player has an item like and magnetizes Dogma or its TV, the respective sprite will become fuzzy, as if the boss/TV is having signal error.
 * If a player defeats Dogma but dies during the Beast on the first time fighting Dogma, a unique save file state will appear, showing a Cross similar to the one in the cutscene between the two bosses.
 * Dogma has 2 unused attacks in the games files.